Object Oriented Concepts
Before we go in detail, lets define important terms related to Object Oriented Programming.
- Class − This is a programmer-defined data type, which
includes local functions as well as local data. You can think of a class
as a template for making many instances of the same kind (or class) of
object.
- Object − An individual instance of the data structure
defined by a class. You define a class once and then make many objects
that belong to it. Objects are also known as instance.
- Member Variable − These are the variables defined inside a
class. This data will be invisible to the outside of the class and can
be accessed via member functions. These variables are called attribute
of the object once an object is created.
- Member function − These are the function defined inside a class and are used to access object data.
- Inheritance − When a class is defined by inheriting
existing function of a parent class then it is called inheritance. Here
child class will inherit all or few member functions and variables of a
parent class.
- Parent class − A class that is inherited from by another class. This is also called a base class or super class.
- Child Class − A class that inherits from another class. This is also called a subclass or derived class.
- Polymorphism − This is an object oriented concept where
same function can be used for different purposes. For example function
name will remain same but it make take different number of arguments and
can do different task.
- Overloading − a type of polymorphism in which some or all
of operators have different implementations depending on the types of
their arguments. Similarly functions can also be overloaded with
different implementation.
- Data Abstraction − Any representation of data in which the implementation details are hidden (abstracted).
- Encapsulation − refers to a concept where we encapsulate all the data and member functions together to form an object.
- Constructor − refers to a special type of function which will be called automatically whenever there is an object formation from a class.
- Destructor − refers to a special type of function which will be called automatically whenever an object is deleted or goes out of scope.
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